Belles and Buoys 

CALLERLAB BASIC and MAINSTREAM
PROGRAMS

Sorted Alphabetically

Larry Kraber, caller/instructor for these videos

             DEFINITION: Dancers join hands to form a circle, face slightly left or right as directed and move forward around the circle

             the distance directed. When left or right is not specified for circle, it is circle to the left.

             STARTING FORMATION: Starting formation - two or more dancers.

 2. Forward And Back

             DEFINITION: Each dancer steps forward 3 steps and pauses while bringing the free foot forward and touching it to the floor

             without transferring weight. Each steps back 3 steps beginning with the free foot and pauses while touching the free foot.

             STARTING FORMATION: Single dancer.

             DEFINITION: Dancers advance and pass right shoulders. Without turning, each dancer moves to the right passing in back

             of the other dancer. Then moving backwards, each passes left shoulders returning to starting position.

             DEFINITION: Dancers step forward ending right side to right side and move around each other turning in a clockwise direction

             four or mohttp://members.webs.com/s/sitebuilder/pages/324537425/re counts. Dancers break out of the swing.

             The lady continues turning to her right until facing the same direction as the man, they form a couple.

             DEFINITION: As a unit the couple walks forward around the circle counterclockwise. Unless otherwise specified, they promenade until reaching the                  man's home position. At the end of the promenade the couple turns, as a unit, to face the center of the set. If promenading to the man's home                      position, the couple always goes at least one quarter around the square.

             DEFINITION: As a unit the couple walks forward around the circle clockwise. Unless otherwise specified, they promenade until reaching the man's                    home position. At the end of the promenade the couple turns, as a unit, to face the center of the set. If promenading to the man's home position,                  the couple always goes at least one quarter around the square. If need be, they continue past the man's home position for another full time around.

             DEFINITION: Dancers face their corners and turn by the left forearm. Releasing arm holds and stepping forward, each dancer

             ends facing his partner. LEFT ARM TURN: starts from facing dancers. Join left forearms and walk forward and around each other the distance                          specified. 1/2, 3/4, full.

****************************** 7. Arm Turns

             DEFINITION: Dancers join indicated (Right or Left) forearms and dance forward around each other as far as directed or as necessary for the next call

             (e.g. Right Arm Turn Partner, To The Corner, Allemande Left).

             STARTING FORMATION: any Wave including Alamo Ring or Mini-Wave

             DEFINITION: If necessary, dancers turn 90' or less to face opposite sex (men counterclockwise, ladies clockwise) join right hands, if not already                      joined, and pull by. Each moves ahead, around the circle, and each gives the left hand to the next, a right to the next and a left to the next until                      each dancer meets the person with whom he started.

             DEFINITION: The directed dancers step forward and extend left hands to form a left hand star. Dancers turn the star by                                                           walking forward in a circle around the center of the star. Turning distance of the star may be specified in fractions of one quarter,

             one half, three quarters, or a complete revolution.

             DEFINITION: The directed dancers step forward and extend right hands to form a right hand star. -Dancers turn the star by walking forward in a                    circle around the center of the star. Turning distance of the star may be specified in fractions of one quarter, one half, three quarters,                                     or a complete revolution.

10. Pass Thru

             DEFINITION: Dancers move forward, passing right shoulders with each other. Each ends in the other's starting position but neither dancer changes                  facing direction.

             DEFINITION: Partners exchange places without changing facing directions. Dancer on the right side steps to the left, while the 

             dancer on the left steps back, side steps to the right, then steps forward to rejoin partner.

             DEFINITION: The directed dancer, or if not specified the dancer on the right, rolls across a full turn (360') in front of the dancer on the left, as he                    side steps to the right - to exchange places. From a circle, unless otherwise directed, the ladies roll left across in front of the men.

             c. Ladies In, Men Sashay

             DEFINITION: With all dancers facing in, the ladies step forward and pause, while the men move to the left behind and past one lady.                                        Ladies step back and rejoin hands with the men. If the circle is moving to the right, the men sashay to the right.      

12. U Turn Back

             DEFINITION: The dancer does an in place about-face turn, turning toward partner unless the body flow dictates otherwise. If alone (i.e., no partner),

             the dancer turns toward the center of the set. If the dancer is facing directly toward or away from the center of the set, he may turn in either

             direction.

             b.Backtrack

             DEFINITION: The dancer does a U turn back by stepping out and turning away from partner or the center of the set.

             DEFINITION: The dancers in the couple turn back to back with each other and walk forward around the outside of the square. The

             distance traveled is determined by the next call.

             a. Around 1 or 2 to a Line

             b. Around 1 or 2 and Come Into the Middle

            DEFINITION: The man (left hand dancer) takes the lady's (right hand dancer) left hand (palm down) in his left (palm up) and places his right hand in

            the small of the lady's back. Working as a unit, the couple turns around with the left hand dancer backing up and the right hand dancer walking

            forward. Unless otherwise specified, the couple faces the center of the set or the center of the formation in which it is working.

16. Ladies Chain 9 (Normal)

             DEFINITION: The ladies step forward, extend right hands to each other and pull by. Each man steps forward and to the right, turning left to face the 

             same direction as the lady beside him. The lady extends a left hand to the man for a courtesy turn. Couples end facing each other.

             a. Two Ladies Chain (Reg. & 3/4)
             b. Four Ladies Chain(Reg. & 3/4)
             c. Chain Down the Line

17. Do Paso

             DEFINITION: Each dancer faces partner or directed dancer and does a left arm turn half way to face in the opposite direction. Releasing arm holds

             and moving forward, each dancer goes to the corner for a right arm turn half way. Each returns to the starting partner to courtesy turn to face the

             center of the set or to follow the next call.

18. Lead Right

             DEFINITION: Directed couple(s) take a step forward and as a unit turn to the right 90' and move forward.

             STARTING FORMATION: Couple

             DEFINITION: Two facing couples working as a unit or two facing dancers move to the left (or right, as directed) and forward to end in a two-faced 

              line or mini wave respectively. From a mini wave or a two-faced line, the veering direction must be toward the center of the mini wave or line. Each

              dancer, or couple working as a unit, moves forward and inward to end back to back with the other dancer or couple respectively.

             *16 c. Chain Down the Line

             STARTING FORMATION: Facing dancers, facing couples, mini waves or two-faced lines.

             DEFINITION: The center dancers in the line drop hands with each other. With each half of the line working as a unit, the ends move forward while

             the centers back up until both halves of the line are facing.

             STARTING FORMATION: Any line with an even number of dancers. Dancers in each half of the line must be facing in the same direction.

             DEFINITION: Directed dancers circulate using the general rule. RULE: The call means to rotate in circular fashion moving forward one position within

             the formation. Dancers always move forward to the spot previously occupied by the dancer ahead in the given formation. The dancers specified 

             may follow one another moving in the same direction or may pass Right shoulders as they meet going opposite directions. (Definition expanded to 

             replace diagrams)

             STARTING FORMATION: Waves, columns, lines and two-faced lines.

             DEFINITION: Dancers step forward, join right hands with the dancer directly ahead and pull by. Each couple then does a courtesy turn to face the

             other couple.

             STARTING FORMATION: Facing couples.

             DEFINITION: A call that has the sides doing one part while at the same time the heads are doing another. Heads move forward into the square (4       

             steps), turning one quarter on the fourth step to face partners and back away to the sides of the square (4 steps). Turn one quarter to face the  

             original opposites. Back away to the corners of the square (4 steps) and turn one quarter to face original partners and walk forward to home (4

             steps). Do not turn. From this point the action is reversed. Heads back away from their partners (4 steps), turning one quarter on the fourth step and

             walk forward to the opposite (4 steps). Turn one quarter and walk forward into the center toward partners (4 steps). Turn one quarter to face

             opposites and back up to home. While the heads are doing the first 16 steps, the sides start by facing their partners to back away and do the

             second 16 steps. Completing this, the sides do the first 16 steps, while the heads are doing the last 16. The principle of walking 3 steps and

             turning (or reversing) on the fourth step is followed throughout. This call may be broken into fractional parts by the caller directing the number of

             steps required. The call may also start with the heads, or other designated dancers, directed to face.

             STARTING FORMATION: Square

             DEFINITION: Man's right hand is placed against the lady's left, palm to palm with fingers up, to make an arch. As the dancers move forward, the lady

             does a one quarter left face turn under the arch, while the man does a one quarter turn to the right moving behind the lady. They end side by side

             with the lady on the man's right.

            STARTING FORMATION: Facing dancers (man and lady).

             DEFINITION: Partners join hands (man's right with lady's left) and raise them to form an arch. The lady walks forward and under their joined hands

             making a one half left-faced turn while the man walks around the lady in a clockwise direction on half. Dancers have exchanged places and are both

             facing in the opposite direction from which they started.

            STARTING FORMATION: Normal couple (man and lady)

26. Walk around the corner
             DEFINITION: Dancers face their corners. Walking forward and around each other while keeping right shoulders adjacent, dancers return to their
             original position, with their backs toward their corner.
             STARTING FORMATION;Squared Set, In facing Circle Of 8

             DEFINITION: When combined with all around the left hand lady, each dancer walks forward and around the partner keeping left shoulders adjacent,

             then steps forward to face the corner. In all other cases it is a left shoulder dosado. Dancers advance and pass left shoulders. Each without turning

             moves to the left passing in back of the other dancer and then moves backward passing right shoulders returning to starting position.

             STARTING FORMATION: Facing dancers, square or circle.

             DEFINITION: Facing dancers join right hands and pull by. Turn in one quarter, join left hands and pull by. (A half square thru has been completed.)

             Turn in one quarter and join right hands with facing dancer and pull by. (A three quarter square thru has been completed.) Turn in one quarter, join

             left hands and pull by but do not turn. (A full square thru has been completed.) Variations of square thru may be specified by fractions or by the

             number of hands, e.g., square thru three quarters is the same as square thru three hands, etc.

             DEFINITION: Couples circle left one half. The lead dancer in the couple who started on the inside (man's position) releases the left handhold, but

             retains the handhold of the dancer on his right to become the left end dancer of the line. The released dancer moves forward under a raised arm

             arch formed by that dancer and the adjacent dancer to become the right end dancer in the line.

             STARTING FORMATION: Facing couples.

             DEFINITION: The couple whose back is to the center of the square (unless a specific couple is directed) makes an arch by raising their joined inside

             hands. The other couple ducks under the arch and moves forward. The couple making the arch moves forward and does a california twirl. If neither  

             couple has its back to the center of the set, then one couple must be directed to dive thru the other couple.

             DEFINITION: The couple, working as a unit turns around (180'). The left hand dancer backs up while the right hand dancer moves forward. The pivot

             point is the handhold between the two dancers.

            STARTING FORMATION: Couple

32. Thar (Family)
             a. Allemande Thar
             DEFINITION;Dance action: An Allemande Thar star is a formation and may be formed at the end of any left arm turn by the center dancers (or those   

             directed) forming a right hand box star and backing up. Each outside dancer holds the left forearm of a center dancer and dances forward.

             DEFINITION: Dancers in the center of the thar stop and, while retaining the star, release arm holds with the dancers beside them. Everyone then

             moves forward within the circle in which he was traveling while in the thar.

             STARTING FORMATION: Thar or wrong way thar.

             DEFINITION: The handholds forming the center star are released as each dancer and the adjacent outside dancer arm turn one half (180') or full

             (360') as directed. If half or full is not directed, the arm turn is one half.

             STARTING FORMATION: Thar or wrong way thar.

             DEFINITION: Dancers step forward, join and then raise their right hands. The lady steps forward and does a left-face U turn back under the raised

             joined hands, as the man walks forward and around the lady while doing a right-face U turn back. Dancers end facing each other, each in the other's

             starting position.

             STARTING FORMATION: Facing dancers (man and lady).

             DEFINITION: Directed dancers exchange places, changing facing directions using the general rule. General rule: Any two directed dancers exchange

             places by walking forward in a semi-circle ending in the other dancer's starting position. Each trading dancer has reversed his original facing

             direction. If the trading dancers start while facing in the same direction, they pass right shoulders when they meet per the right shoulder passing

             rule.

             STARTING FORMATION: Any wave, line or column.

             (a) BOYS TRADE, GIRLS TRADE, ENDS TRADE, CENTERS TRADE (etc.): Directed dancers (boys, girls, ends or centers) exchange places, changing facing

             directions using the general rule.

             (b) COUPLES TRADE: Starting formation - line or two-faced line. Working as a unit, each couple exchanges places with the other couple in the same

             line. Couples, as a unit, follow the Passing Rule as defined for individual dancers.

             (c) PARTNER TRADE: Starting formation - couple, mini wave. Two dancers exchange places with each other.

             DEFINITION: Alamo style is a formation of an even number of dancers in a circle holding adjacent hands and with each dancer facing in an opposite

             direction to that of the adjoining dancers.

             STARTING FORMATION: N/A

39. Swing Thru / Left Swing Thru
             STARTING FORMATION: Ocean Wave or Alamo.

             a. Swing Thru
             DEFINITION; Those who can, turn by the right one half (180°), then those who can, turn by the left one half (180°). If "right" is not 

             specified preceding the command to Swing Thru, it is a right Swing Thru. The Facing Couples Rule applies to this call.
             b. Alamo Swing Thru
             DEFINITION: Everyone turns half by the right, then everyone turns half by the left. When Left Swing Thru is directed from an alamo formation,

             everyone turns half by the left, then everyone turns half by the right.
             c. Left Swing Thru
             DEFINITION: Those who can, turn by the left one half (180°), then those who can, turn by the right one half (180°). If Left Swing Thru is required, it

             must be specifically directed "Left Swing Thru". The Facing Couples Rule applies to this call.

             DEFINITION: The directed (active) dancers run around the inactive dancers using the general rule. Note: General rule. The directed (active) dancer

              moves forward in a semi-circle (180') around an adjacent (inactive) dancer to end in the adjacent dancer's starting position. Meanwhile, the   

              inactive dancer, who may be facing in any direction, adjusts by stepping (without changing facing direction) into the vacated starting position of  

              the active dancer. The active dancer doing the run has reversed his original facing direction. If the direction to run is not specified (right or left)

              and if the active dancer has an inactive

              dancer on each side, then centers run around ends and ends run around centers. Runs from an alamo circle are to the right unless otherwise  

              directed.

              STARTING FORMATION: Any two-dancer formation in which the directed dancer has a shoulder directly adjacent to the other dancer.

              DEFINITION: Dancers pass thru, turn in to face their partners and step into a right hand ocean wave.

              STARTING FORMATION: Facing couples only.

             DEFINITION: Dancers in the wave release hands and step forward to the couple they are facing and join hands in a Right Hand Wave. If the original

             wave is Left Handed, dancers Extend to a Left Hand Wave. Note: Centers in the wave remain centers in the new waves and ends in the wave end as

             ends in the new wave.

             STARTING FORMATION: 1/4 tag formation ONLY.

             DEFINITION: The left hand couple only takes a step forward. The couples wheel (180') toward the center of the line with the center dancer of each

             couple acting as the pivot point about which the couples turn. The couple that started on the right half of the line wheels in front of the other

             couple. Both couples end facing the same direction with the original left hand couple standing behind the original right hand couple.

             STARTING FORMATION: Line(s) of four facing in the same direction.

             DEFINITION: Each couple steps straight ahead one step. Each couple then wheels (180') toward the center of the line with the center dancer of each

             couple acting as the pivot point about which the couples turn. Couples end facing each other.

             STARTING FORMATION: Two-faced line.

             DEFINITION: Dancers move forward, passing right shoulders with two other dancers to finish facing away from the center of the set in a completed

             double pass thru formation.

            STARTING FORMATION: Double pass thru.

            DEFINITION: From one couple following another, each dancer in the lead couple separates away from his partner and walks around a full circle to

             end in the position of the dancer who was directly behind him. Meanwhile each trailing dancer steps directly forward into the vacated position of the

             lead dancer. Each dancer ends facing in the same direction he started. From a setup where one dancer is following another, the lead dancer walks

             away from the center of the square and around in a full circle to the position of the dancer who was directly behind him. Meanwhile, the trailing

             dancer steps directly forward into the position vacated by the lead dancer.

             DEFINITION: The right hand dancers go into the center and turn by the right forearm. As they move adjacent to the opposite dancer, they reach out

             with the free (left) hand and, taking the opposite dancer, each continues on around to the original right hand dancer's starting position, releasing

             arms in the center and turning as a couple to face the center.

             STARTING FORMATION: Facing couples.

             b. REVERSE FLUTTER WHEEL:

            DEFINITION:The same as flutter wheel except reverse the words “right” and “left”.

             DEFINITION: Dancers continue the circling movement one quarter in the direction of their body flow.

             STARTING FORMATION: Facing couples in a circling movement (right or left).

             DEFINITION: The couples facing each other pass thru, the couples facing out do a partner trade to face in.

             STARTING FORMATION: Trade by or any formation in which two couples are facing each other and the other couples are facing out.

             DEFINITION: Dancers touch and without stopping turn one quarter by the right.

             STARTING FORMATION: Facing dancers.

             DEFINITION: The couples facing out wheel and deal to become the outside couples in a double pass thru formation. Meanwhile, the couples facing in

             step straight ahead to momentarily form a two faced line in the center. Without stopping they wheel and deal in that line to end as the center    

             couples in a double pass thru formation.

             STARTING FORMATION: Two parallel two-faced lines.

             DEFINITION: The lead dancers separate and move away from each other in a three quarter circle. When each lead dancer meets another lead dancer

             from the other side of the square, they become partners and step forward to the center of the square. Each trailing dancer follows the dancer in

             front of him and ends directly behind that same dancer. A single couple facing out does the lead dancer's part as described, but they may not step

             all the way into the center at the end of the call.

             STARTING FORMATION: Completed double pass thru position or a single couple(s) on the outside of the square facing out.

             DEFINITION: Each dancer steps forward to join right forearms with the other dancer. They turn by the right one half, release armholds and step

             forward, ending back to back with each other.

             STARTING FORMATION: Facing dancers.

             DEFINITION: Facing dancers join right hands and pull by (this completes an eight chain 1). The center facing dancers join left hands and pull by while

             the outside dancers do a courtesy turn (this completes an eight chain 2). Repeat these actions in sequence to achieve eight chain three, eight chain

             four, etc. Eight chain thru is the same as eight chain eight. Even numbers (2,4,6,8) end in an eight chain thru formation. Odd numbers (1,3,5,7) end  

             in a trade by formation.

            STARTING FORMATION: Eight chain thru.

             STARTING FORMATION: Eight Chain Thru or Parallel Ocean Waves.

             DEFINITION: A hinge is half of a trade. Any two adjacent couples or dancers who can trade can also hinge. Dancers do half of a trade with each other

             to end in a mini wave at right angles to the original mini wave. (same result as Cast 1/4).

            STARTING FORMATION: Mini wave

             b. Couples Hinge
             DEFINITION;: Working as a unit, each Couple does half of a Couples Trade.

             STARTING FORMATION;: Line or Two-Faced Line.

             DEFINITION: The outside dancers step apart as the center dancers step forward and between them to form a line.

             STARTING FORMATION: Whenever there is a couple with their backs to the center of the set facing or standing behind another couple.

             DEFINITION: Each half of the line or wave works as a unit and moves forward around a pivot point three quarters. If the adjoining dancers are facing

              the same direction, the end dancer becomes the pivot while the other dancer moves in a semicircle around the pivot. If the adjoining dancers are

              facing in opposite directions, the pivot point is the handhold between them and they move equally around the pivot point.

             STARTING FORMATION: Any wave or line.

              DEFINITION: Each end and the adjacent center dancer turn one half. The new center dancers turn three quarters while each outside dancer moves

              forward in a quarter circle to meet the same center dancer with whom he started. Ends in an ocean wave which is at right angles to the original

              starting wave.

             STARTING FORMATION: Ocean Wave

             DEFINITION: From box circulate formation, each dancer facing into the box walks forward to take the place of the dancer who was directly in front of

             him. Meanwhile, each dancer facing out of the box steps sideways (dodges) into the position vacated by the "walker" who was formerly beside him.

             Dancers end side by side, both facing out. If walk and dodge is called from facing couples, the caller must designate who is to walk and who is to

             dodge (e.g., "men walk, ladies dodge"). Ending is a box circulate formation.

             STARTING FORMATION: Box circulate or facing couples.

             DEFINITION: Dancers pass thru. A man always turns right one quarter; a lady always turns left one quarter. Dancers end side by side with each other.

             My comment: One of the few calls where you never lose your sex identity.

             STARTING FORMATION: Facing dancers.

62. Fold / Cross Fold
             (a) (Named Dancers, e.g. BOYS, GIRLS, ENDS, or CENTERS) FOLD

             Starting formation: any two dancers with adjacent shoulders

             Dance action: Directed dancers step forward and move in a small semi-circle to end facing toward the adjacent dancer or position. The adjacent

             dancer does not move unless another call is given, e.g.: Ends Fold while the Centers Trade.

             Ending formation: If starting formation is a couple, ending formation is facing dancers. If starting formation is a wave, ending formation is a tandem.

             Styling: Adjacent dancer should guide/assist (ever so slightly) in the folding action.

             Calling/Teaching Tip: Fold from an ocean wave ends in a “Z” formation.

             (b) (Named Dancers, e.g. ENDS or CENTERS) CROSS FOLD
             STARTING FORMATION: General Line.
             DEFINITION: The two directed dancers (who both must be either centers or ends) fold toward the farthest inactive dancer or position by walking in a 

             semi-circle to end facing toward that same dancer or position. When the two directed dancers are facing the same direction, they pass each other

             and then finish the fold.

             DEFINITION: From facing couples, the right hand dancer steps forward and to the left to become the lead dancer in a tandem. Lead dancers join right

             hands and pull by. Moving to the other trailing dancer, each extends a left hand and touches to a left hand mini wave and turns one quarter. New

             center dancers join right hands and form a left hand ocean wave.

            STARTING FORMATION: Facing couples or facing tandems.

            DEFINITION: Each end and the adjacent center dancer turn one half. The new centers of each ocean wave turn three quarters to make a new ocean

            wave across the set. The two centers of this wave turn one half to reform the wave across the set. The two outside pairs of dancers of the center wave

            now turn three quarters to join the waiting ends and form parallel ocean waves.

            STARTING FORMATION: Parallel Ocean Waves

             DEFINITION: Each dancer turns to face the center of the line. Taking a short side step to the left, each dancer walks forward passing right shoulders

             with oncoming dancers until he has walked past all of the dancers from the other half of the line. The call may be followed by any one of the

             directions in, out, right or left. When this happens, dancers turn in place one quarter in the direction indicated.

            STARTING FORMATION: Any line with an even number of dancers.

            DEFINITION: Like tag the line, except the dancers stop walking forward when the original centers from each side of the line meets the original ends

            from the other side. If started from a four person line, the ending is a right hand box circulate formation; from longer lines the ending is a right hand

            column formation.

            STARTING FORMATION: Any line with an even number of dancers.

             DEFINITION: From box circulate dancers facing in step straight forward to join adjacent forearms, turn half and step forward to end in the position

             vacated by the dancer who was facing out. Meanwhile, each dancer facing out runs into the position vacated by the dancer who is doing the forearm

             turn. When done from right hand boxes, the dancers facing in turn by the right and the dancers facing out run right. When done from left hand

             boxes, the dancers facing in turn by the left and the facing out run left. From quarter tag, dancers step ahead, join forearms (right if center wave

             was right handed or left if center wave was left handed) turn half and step straight forward. Those returning to the center step to a wave (using same

             hands as original wave); the others finish as a couple facing out. Ending formation is a 3/4 tag.

             DEFINITION: The ends of the wave cross fold as the centers of the wave fold in behind the ends and follow them around, then face in to end as two

             facing couples.

            STARTING FORMATION: Ocean Waves only.

DEFINITION: The Ends Circulate while the Centers Trade. (My comments: From Diamonds: The points Circulate in their 4-person box, while the Centers of each diamond Trade.)

STARTING FORMATION: Parallel waves, two-faced lines or any formation where the centers can Trade, and the Ends can Circulate and not become centers.

TIMING: 4 steps.

STYLE:

DEFINITION: If started from a Thar star, the handholds forming the center star are released as each dancer and the adjacent outside dancer Arm Turn one-half. Those now in the middle Star three-quarters (walking forward), while the new outsides move forward one-quarter around the perimeter of the circle to join hands with the same person again in a Thar Star formation.

If started from a Right & Left Grand Circle, everyone turns by the right halfway with the person they are facing, then completes the call as above (new centers Star left three-quarters, etc.)

STARTING FORMATION: Right and Left Grand circle, Thar Star, Wrong-Way Thar.

TIMING: 10 steps.

STYLE: The initial arm turn one half is a forearm turn. The star portion is performed using standard star styling utilizing palm star hand positioning. Outside dancers moving forward have hands in natural dance position, ready to assume appropriate position for the next call. Ladies may use skirt work.

DEFINITION: The term "... and Roll" can be added to any call which, by definition, causes one or more dancers to have turning body flow to the right or left as they complete their portion of the call. It is an instruction to those dancer(s) to turn individually, in place, one quarter (90 degrees) more in the direction of body flow determined by the preceding command.

Note that if "... and Roll" is added to a call, which by definition, has some dancers walking in a straight line at the completion of their portion of the call, those dancers will do nothing for the "... and roll".

STARTING FORMATION: Various

TIMING: 2 steps.

STYLE: At the completion of the movement preceding the roll (anything), release all handholds and allow the established momentum to set the direction for the solo turn in place. Arms are returned to natural dance position and ready to assume appropriate position for the next call.

DEFINITION: This call can be used in three ways:

(1) If only some of the dancers are directed to Spread (e.g., from a static square, Heads Star Thru & Spread), they slide apart sideways to become ends, as the inactive dancers step forward between them.

(2) If the (Anything) call finishes in lines ore waves (e.g., Follow Your Neighbor), the centers anticipate the Spread action by sliding apart sideways to become the new ends, while the original ends anticipate the Spread action by moving into the nearest center position.

(3) If the (Anything) call finishes in tandem couples (e.g., Wheel & Deal from a line of four), the lead dancers slide apart sideways, while the trailing dancers step forward between them.

STARTING FORMATION: Various

TIMING: 2 steps.

STYLE: All dancers blend into the appropriate hand position and styling designated by the formation resulting at the conclusion of the call (e.g., ocean wave styling after the call "Follow Your Neighbor and Spread").

DEFINITION: Each right-hand dancer does an exaggerated Zoom action, moving into the position previously occupied by the right-hand dancer behind him, to finish facing in the same direction as when he started the Zoom action. (The net result is the same as if the right-hand dancer had done a right face U Turn Back & Box Circulate twice). The left-hand dancer follows ("Chases") the right-hand dancer by doing aBox Circulate two positions. The call finishes in a Box Circulate formation.

STARTING FORMATION: Couples Back to Back.

TIMING: 6 steps.

STYLE: All dancers have arms in natural dance position. Ladies' skirt work optional. Right hand dancer uses flowing motion rather than an abrupt turn around. When two couples (e.g., the heads) do chase right in the center of the square, it is important for those doing the zoom motion to keep the action tight and avoid bumping into the outside dancers. At the same time, those, not involved in the chase right, move, if possible and comfortable, away from the center to allow more space for the action.

DEFINITION: All dancers single file Circulate once and a half. The center six (three adjacent pairs) Trade. The very center two dancers then release handholds and walk diagonally outward to the end of the forming lines. The two lonesome dancers walk ahead, moving in a quarter circle, to become the other ends of the forming lines.

STARTING FORMATION: Columns

TIMING: 8 steps.

STYLE: The center six dancers (three adjacent pairs) use hands up position for trading action. After the very center two dancers release handholds and move forward, all dancers join hands with a couple handhold. No time allowed for skirt work.

DEFINITION: As the centers begin to Trade, the ends Crossfold. Upon completing their Trade, the centers release hands and step straight forward forming an ocean wave or mini-wave with the dancers they are facing. If the Trade leaves the original centers facing no one, they step forward and remain facing out.

STARTING FORMATION: Two-faced line, parallel lines of four, inverted line or lines.

TIMING: 6 steps.

STYLE: If starting formation is a two-faced line, center dancers use hands up position for trading action and blend into normal mini wave styling. If starting formation is parallel lines of four that results in centers facing no one, that couple joins hands with a couple handhold.

DEFINITION: The centers of the diamond do a Diamond Circulate to the next position in their diamond, while the points slide together and Trade. Ends in a line or wave.

STARTING FORMATION: Any Diamond.

TIMING: 6 steps.

STYLE: From a normal diamond formation, all dancers blend into a couple handhold. If starting formation is a facing diamond, all dancers blend into hands up position as required for ocean wave basic.

DEFINITION: Each dancer moves forward to the next position in his diamond, changing his original facing direction one-quarter toward the center of the diamond. Points become centers and vice versa. If the call is directed to facing diamonds, all must pass right shoulders.

STARTING FORMATION: Any diamond.

TIMING: 3 steps.

STYLE: It is important that dancers maintain diamond formation as they move diagonally from one position to the next. Center dancers of diamond blend into hands up position as in ocean wave. Dancers at the points maintain arms in natural dance position. Ladies may utilize skirt work.

DEFINITION: Those who can start by joining right hands with the facing dancer and pulling by. Each dancer moves ahead around the circle and gives a left hand to the next, pulling by, and a right hand to the next, pulling by. Regardless of the starting formation, as the movement progresses, the formation converts to a circle.

STARTING FORMATION: Double Pass Thru, Dixie Grand Circle, Quarter tag, or any formation where at least 2 dancers can start.

TIMING: 6 steps.

STYLE: Styling is similar to the description for the basic right and left grand. Dancers use handshake hold for alternating pull by movements, releasing hands as dancers pass each other. Skirt work is not recommended.

DEFINITION: Everyone releases handholds, steps forward and turns a quarter in to face the adjacent dancer, and does the (Anything) call (e.g., Right & Left Thru, Star Thru, etc.).

STARTING FORMATION: Any 4 dancer Ocean wave only.

TIMING: 2 steps for the explode portion.

STYLE: A handshake hold is used as the dancers right hand pull by. For position orientation (in explode the wave), hands are joined in a couple handhold at the completion of the call. In all other "explode and ..." figures, follow the styling suggestions for each of the "and ..." figures used.

DEFINITION: Everyone releases handholds, steps forward and turns a quarter in to face the adjacent dancer, and right hand pull by that person, to end as couples back-to-back.

STARTING FORMATION: Any 4 dancer Ocean wave only.

TIMING: 6 steps.

STYLE: A handshake hold is used as the dancers right hand pull by. For position orientation (in explode the wave), hands are joined in a couple handhold at the completion of the call. In all other "explode and ..." figures, follow the styling suggestions for each of the "and ..." figures used.

DEFINITION: All dancers release handholds (if necessary), step forward and form an Ocean Wave with the couple you are facing. If the Extend leaves dancers facing no one, they remain facing out. If the starting formation is right-handed, dancers Extend to a right-handed formation; if the starting formation is left-handed, dancers Extend to a left-handed formation. From a Double Pass Thru formation, dancers Extend to a right-hand Quarter Tag formation. From a Quarter Tag formation, dancers Extend to parallel waves. From parallel waves, dancers Extend to a 3/4 Tag formation, from a 3/4 Tag formation, Extend to a completed Double Pass Thru formation.

STARTING FORMATION: Double Pass Thru, Parallel Ocean Waves (1/2 Tag), any Tag (1/4 or 3/4) formation.

TIMING: 2 steps.

STYLE: All dancers move forward smoothly during extending action. Dancers utilize previously described styling for resulting formations at the completion of the call (e.g., ocean wave styling, couple handhold for double pass thru formation, etc.)

DEFINITION: The centers of the diamond do a Diamond Circulate to the next position in their diamond, while the points Run ("Flip" 180') into the nearest position and join hands to become the centers of the forming wave or line. When "flipping" a facing diamond, the points always take the inside path, and the centers always take the outside path.

STARTING FORMATION: Any diamond.

TIMING: 3 steps.

STYLE: From a normal diamond formation, all dancers blend into hands up position as required for ocean wave basic. If the starting formation is a facing diamond, all dancers blend into a couple handhold.

DEFINITION: Dancers facing IN release hands with the person next to them (their neighbor) and step straight forward, join adjacent forearms with the one they meet and turn 3/4 to become Centers of a new wave. At the same time, dancers facing OUT "Follow" their Neighbors by moving forward in a 3/4 looping turn, turning toward their neighbor to finish adjacent to their neighbor as the Ends of the new ocean wave.

When done from right-hand boxes, the dancers facing in turn by the right hand and the dancers facing out loop around right-face, to finish in a left-hand ocean wave. When done from left-hand boxes, the dancers facing in turn by the left-hand and the dancers facing out loop around left-face, to finish in a right-hand ocean wave.

STARTING FORMATION: Box circulate.

TIMING: 6 steps.

STYLE: The facing in dancers use a forearm turn in the center, blending into hands up position as they meet their "neighbor" in the ocean wave. To enhance the flowing action of the dance, facing out dancers execute a flowing three quarter looping turn as opposed to an abrupt spot turn.

DEFINITION: Those who can turn by the right 1/2, then those who can turn by the left 1/2. If "right" is not specified preceding the command to Grand Swing Thru, it is understood to be a right-handed Grand Swing Thru. If Grand Left Swing Thru is required, it must be specifically directed--"Grand Left Swing Thru", in which case those who can turn by the left 1/2, then those who can turn by the right 1/2.

STARTING FORMATION: Tidal Wave or Ocean Wave of six Dancers.

TIMING: 6 steps.

STYLE: Styling is specifically the same as described for the basic swing thru.

DEFINITION: (For programs above plus, allowable formations include any formation in which the End and adjacent Center can single or partner Hinge. This is a three part call).

Part 1: The Ends and adjacent Centers, Hinge.

Part 2: Those facing Out fold behind those facing In and all dancers will then move forward in a Double Pass Thru action.

Part 3: If the Hinge is right-handed, Peel right; if the Hinge is left-handed, Peel left to end as facing couples. From a right-hand Hinge, all will pass right shoulders.

From a right-hand hinge, all will pass right shoulders. From a left-hand Hinge, all will pass left shoulders.

STARTING FORMATION: For plus program, Parallel Ocean Waves of 4 either Right or Left Handed.

TIMING: 10-12 steps.

STYLE: Arms in natural dance position. Similar to styling for individual components. Rejoin hands upon completion of move.

DEFINITION: The end dancers move forward around the outside passing right shoulders with three moving end dancers, and turn one-quarter in to stand beside the third person passed, facing the center of the set as a couple. Simultaneously, the center four dancers Pass Thru, turn their backs to their momentary partners, Partner Trade with their new partners and Pass Thru.

My note: When done from facing lines of four the ending position is an 8-Chain Thru formation. From lines of four with Ends facing Out and Centers In, the movement ends in a Static Square with two couples facing Out.

STARTING FORMATION: Lines of 4, with centers facing in, and the ends of each line facing the same (in or out) direction.

TIMING: 12 steps.

STYLE: The end dancers, while moving on the outside, leave room for the center dancers to work comfortably. Arms are held in natural dance position throughout the action, blending into the appropriate hand position for the next call.

DEFINITION: Each lead dancer turns away from the center of the starting formation, walks in a semicircle and steps forward to become an end dancer of the new line. Meanwhile, each trailing dancer steps forward and does a U turn back, turning away from the center of the starting formation to become the center dancer of the new line. From one couple following another, the ending formation is a line of four; from a Z, the ending formation is a two-faced line; from a box circulate, dancers may have to take one step forward to adjust to a two-faced line.

STARTING FORMATION: One couple following another, Box Circulate or Z-formation.

TIMING: 4 steps.

STYLE: Arms should be held in natural dance position and ready to assume appropriate position for the next call. It is important that lead dancers move slightly forward before starting the "peeling" motion.

DEFINITION: Lead dancers Peel Off as trailing dancers step straight forward and take adjacent hands; everyone does a Fan the Top.

STARTING FORMATION: Z-formation or Box Circulate.

TIMING: 6 steps.

STYLE: Lead dancers have arms in natural dance position and adjust hands to appropriate position for next call. It is important that dancers move slightly forward before starting the "peeling" motion. Trailing dancers use hands up position and styling as described in the basic swing thru.

DEFINITION: The movement starts and ends in a Quarter Tag formation. Each dancer Circulates, or moves forward one position along the path shown in Figure 1. The movement may also be called when there is a left-hand wave in the center. In this case, the path circulated along is as shown in Figure 2.

It should be noted that the Circulate paths are independent of each other. Therefore, it is possible for only those on the outside path (dancers numbered 1, 2, 3, 4 in Figures 1 & 2) to Ping pong Circulate or only those on the inside path (dancers numbered 5, 6, 7, & 8 in Figures 1 & 2) to Ping Pong Circulate.

STARTING FORMATION: 1/4 Tag

TIMING: 6 steps.

STYLE: Styling is the same as previously described for the basics pass thru and partner trade. Dancers in center use basic ocean wave styling. Outside dancers join hands in couple handhold.

DEFINITION: All Circulates in this definition refer to the ORIGINAL CIRCULATE PATH established by the ends of the original ocean waves. No dancer ever stops moving during this call; the pauses written into the definition (i.e., the action described as "half-circulate") are there for clarity of description and for teaching purposes only.

Each end and adjacent center dancer turn 1/2. The new centers of each ocean wave turn 3/4, while the others half circulate, forming a six-person wave and two lonesome dancers. The wave of six, working as three pairs, turns 1/2, while the others half-circulate. In the wave, the center 4 turn 1/2, while the other four dancers half-circulate. The wave of six, again working as 3 pairs, turn 1/2, while the others half-circulate. Finally, the center 4 of the wave turn 3/4 (becoming the centers of the new wave), while the outside 4 half-circulate to become the ends of the final waves.

STARTING FORMATION: Parallel Ocean waves.

TIMING: 20 steps.

STYLE: Basic swing thru styling is utilized for turning movements within the ocean wave formations. Circulating dancers do the circulate action with arms in natural dance position, blending to hands up ocean wave formation at the conclusion of the call.

DEFINITION: Facing dancers join both hands with each other and Circle Left 1/2. Without stopping, they drop hands with each other and individually Veer Left, blending into a right-hand mini-wave. If the caller directs "Single Circle 3/4 to a Wave", facing dancers join both hands with each other and circle Left 3/4, then continues to execute the rest of the call as above.

STARTING FORMATION: Facing dancers.

TIMING: 4 steps.

STYLE: In circling, the two dancers are slightly offset to the left so that their dance partner in the circle is more to their right than in front of them. Use smooth dance step, not buzz. When joining hands for circle, gents turn palms up, ladies palms down. Arms are bent comfortably at the elbows. Exert a small amount of pressure while circling. Blend into a hands up ocean wave position.

DEFINITION: Starts as in a normal Spin Chain the Gears -- Ends and adjacent centers turn 1/2, new centers turn 3/4, while the ends U-Turn Back, and the very two centers of the wave Trade. All form two left-hand stars (but before turning them, the out-facing point should raise a hand, indicating "follow me" -- they will be the "leaders of the exchange") and turn the stars 3/4. The "leaders of the exchange" will now lead the star out to the right, around the outside of the other star, like an S pattern, then into a monmetary column of four, single file through the sides position. The first three dancers in the momentary column Quarter right-face, as the fourth dancer does a Quarter left-face, and the original "leader of the exchange" Runs right, forming two parallel right-hand ocean waves (at the sides of the square; if started from a Box 1-4).

STARTING FORMATION: Ocean waves (right-hand, for ease of description).

TIMING: 26 steps.

STYLE: Same as in Spin Chain the Gears.

DEFINITION: Each end and adjacent center dancer turn 1/2. The new centers of each ocean wave turn 3/4 to form a new ocean wave across the set, as the other four dancers do a U-Turn Back (turning in toward the center). The centers of the wave Trade and then release hands with each other. Four dancers on each side of the square now form a four-hand star and turn the star 3/4, forming a new wave across the set. Centers of this wave Tade momentarily reforming the wave across the set. The two outside pairs of dancers of the center wave now turn 3/4 as the other four dancers turn back (turning away from the center).

STARTING FORMATION: Parallel Ocean Waves.

TIMING: 24 steps.

STYLE: Dancers turning in ocean wave formations use styling as previously described for the basics swing thru and spin chain thru. For star portions of basic, refer to styling as indicated by the basic star right. When turning into the star or out to the wave, use a flowing turn rather than as abrupt about-face. In star patterns, ladies' outside hands may be used to work skirts.

DEFINITION: The caller will specify two ladies to move to the center at the start of the call, e.g., "Head ladies center for a Teacup Chain". For the rest of the definition, these two ladies will be called the "specified ladies".

The specified ladies (both head ladies or both side ladies) move to the center and Star Right 3/4 to meet their corners for a Left Arm Turn. At the same time, the other two ladies move to the right around the perimeter of the square to their corners, and do a Right Arm Turn.

Following the Arm Turns, the specified ladies move around the perimeter of the square to their new corners for a Right Arm Turn, while the other two ladies go to the center and Star Left once and a quarter to meet their new corners for a Right Arm Turn.

The specified ladies then move to the center and Star Left once and a quarter to their new corners for a Right Arm Turn, while the other ladies move to their new corners (around the perimeter of the square) for a Left Arm Turn.

Finally, the specified ladies move to their new corners (their original partners) for either a Courtesy Turn or a Left Arm Turn leading into the next command, while the other ladies move to the center and Star Right 3/4 to meet their new corners (their original partners) for either a Courtesy Turn or a Left Arm Turn leading into the next command. Everyone finishes with his/her original partner.

If the caller desires the men to execute the ladies part and vice versa, as described above, the starting formation is a Static Square with the couples half-sashayed, or proceeding from everyone doing a Left Arm Turn with their partner. The proper call is the "Head/Side Men Center for a Teacup Chain".

STARTING FORMATION: Static square or proceeding from everyone doing a Left Arm-Turn with Partner.

TIMING: 32 steps.

STYLE: Center dancers turning in star patterns use hands up styling. All turns with outside dancers are forearm turns. When not leading into another command, a courtesy turn, as previously described, is used at the conclusion of the call. Outside dancers (usually the gents) dance with arms swinging naturally from one forearm turn to the next, being as graceful as possible in a movement that offers little other than pivot movements. Ladies may enhance the styling of this basic through skirt work with outside hand.

DEFINITION: Each dancer turns individually to face the center of the line and walks forward passing right shoulders with oncoming dancers. Lead dancers pass by two dancers and end facing out. Trailing dancers pass by one dancer and step to a right-hand ocean wave in the center of the set. Ends in a 3/4 Tag formation. If the call is done from any single line of four, it ends with mini-wave between two out-facing dancers.

STARTING FORMATION: Parallel lines of 4, Inverted line(s), two-faced line(s), 3 & 1 Line(s).

TIMING: 4 steps.

STYLE: Styling is similar to that previously described for the basic tag the line. Trailing dancers blend into hands up position for ocean wave or mini wave as dictated by starting formation.

DEFINITION: The dancers work in "tandem", that is, the trailing dancers follow the lead dancers. Those in the right "track" move single file to the left, counter-clockwise, staying to the inside of the dancers on the left "track", who move single file, clockwise, to the right on the outside. The movement continues as in a Double Pass Thru, until the dancers have reached parallel right-hand ocean waves.

STARTING FORMATION: Completed Double Pass thru position.

TIMING: 8 steps.

STYLE: As dancers are moving simultaneously in opposing direction, it is important for them to provide room for one another. Those on the outside must avoid crowding those in the center. All dancers hold arms in natural dance position, blending into a hands up ocean wave formation at the conclusion of the call.

DEFINITION: Dancers facing the same direction in the wave Trade with each other. Right hand Waves become Left Hand Waves and vice versa. Ends of the wave become centers and vice versa.

STARTING FORMATION: Any Four Dancer Ocean Wave.

TIMING: 6 steps.

STYLE: As in any trade, dancers first step slightly forward to clear the wave before turning toward dancer with whom they are trading. Assume hands up position in basic ocean wave styling.

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